style: replace black with ruff for Python formatting

Ruff's default format is very similar to black's, so there are only a
few changes made to our Python code. They are all contained in this
commit. The primary benefit of this change is that ruff's performance is
about an order of magnitude better, reducing runtime on this repo down
to under 20ms on my machine, compared to over 150ms with black, and even
more if any changes are performed by black.

Closes #11894

Closes #11918

CONTRIBUTING.rst

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ before committing your change. That will run our autoformatters:
 
 - ``rustfmt`` for Rust
 - ``fish_indent`` (shipped with fish) for fish script
-- ``black`` for python
+- ``ruff format`` for python
 
 If you’ve already committed your changes that’s okay since it will then
 check the files in the most recent commit. This can be useful after

build_tools/style.fish

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ if test $all = yes
         end
     end
     set fish_files $workspace_root/{benchmarks,build_tools,etc,share}/**.fish
-    set python_files {doc_src,share,tests}/**.py
+    set python_files .
 else
     # Format the files specified as arguments.
     set -l files $argv
@@ -76,19 +76,19 @@ if set -q fish_files[1]
 end
 
 if set -q python_files[1]
-    if not type -q black
+    if not type -q ruff
         echo
-        echo $yellow'Please install `black` to style python'$normal
+        echo $yellow'Please install `ruff` to style python'$normal
         exit 127
     end
-    echo === Running "$green"black"$normal"
+    echo === Running "$green"ruff format"$normal"
     if set -l -q _flag_check
-        if not black --check $python_files
+        if not ruff format --check $python_files
             echo $red"Python files are not formatted correctly."$normal
             exit 1
         end
     else
-        black $python_files
+        ruff format $python_files
     end
 end
 

share/tools/web_config/webconfig.py

@@ -1423,7 +1423,7 @@ fish_bin_path = None
 fish_bin_name = "fish.exe" if is_windows() else "fish"
 
 if not fish_bin_dir:
-    print("The $__fish_bin_dir environment variable is not set. " "Looking in $PATH...")
+    print("The $__fish_bin_dir environment variable is not set. Looking in $PATH...")
     fish_bin_path = find_executable(fish_bin_name)
     if not fish_bin_path:
         print("fish could not be found. Is fish installed correctly?")

tests/pexpects/torn_escapes.py

@@ -38,9 +38,7 @@ sendline(
         echo Got SIGUSR1 $sigusr1_count;
         commandline -f repaint;
     end
-""".strip().replace(
-        "\n", os.linesep
-    )
+""".strip().replace("\n", os.linesep)
 )
 expect_prompt()
 
@@ -51,9 +49,7 @@ sendline(
         set wacky_count (math $wacky_count + 1);
         echo Wacky Handler $wacky_count
     end
-""".strip().replace(
-        "\n", os.linesep
-    )
+""".strip().replace("\n", os.linesep)
 )
 expect_prompt()