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17b4b39c8b
Our use of the terminfo database in /usr/share/terminfo/$TERM is both
1. a way for users to configure app behavior in their terminal (by
setting TERM, copying around and modifying terminfo files)
2. a way for terminal emulator developers to advertise support for
backwards-incompatible features that are not otherwise easily observable.
To 1: this is not ideal (it's very easy to break things). There's not many
things that realistically need configuration; let's use shell variables
instead.
To 2: in practice, feature-probing via terminfo is often wrong. There's not
many backwards-incompatible features that need this; for the ones that do
we can still use terminfo capabilities but query the terminal via XTGETTCAP
directly, skipping the file (which may not exist on the same system as
the terminal).
---
Get rid of terminfo. If anyone finds a $TERM where we need different behavior,
we can hardcode that into fish.
* Allow to override this with `fish_features=no-ignore-terminfo fish`
Not sure if we should document this, since it's supposed to be removed soon,
and if someone needs this (which we don't expect), we'd like to know.
* This is supported on a best-effort basis; it doesn't match the previous
behavior exactly. For simplicity of implementation, it will not change
the fact that we now:
* use parm_left_cursor (CSI Ps D) instead of cursor_left (CSI D) if
terminfo claims the former is supported
* no longer support eat_newline_glitch, which seems no longer present
on today's ConEmu and ConHost
* Tested as described in https://github.com/fish-shell/fish-shell/pull/11345#discussion_r2030121580
* add `man fish-terminal-compatibility` to state our assumptions.
This could help terminal emulator developers.
* assume `parm_up_cursor` is supported if the terminal supports XTGETTCAP
* Extract all control sequences to src/terminal_command.rs.
* Remove the "\x1b(B" prefix from EXIT_ATTRIBUTE_MODE. I doubt it's really
needed.
* assume it's generally okay to output 256 colors
Things have improved since commit 3669805627 (Improve compatibility with
0-16 color terminals., 2016-07-21).
Apparently almost every actively developed terminal supports it, including
Terminal.app and GNU screen.
* That is, we default `fish_term256` to true and keep it only as a way to
opt out of the the full 256 palette (e.g. switching to the 16-color
palette).
* `TERM=xterm-16color` has the same opt-out effect.
* `TERM` is generally ignored but add back basic compatiblity by turning
off color for "ansi-m", "linux-m" and "xterm-mono"; these are probably
not set accidentally.
* Since `TERM` is (mostly) ignored, we don't need the magic "xterm" in
tests. Unset it instead.
* Note that our pexpect tests used a dumb terminal because:
1. it makes fish do a full redraw of the commandline everytime, making it
easier to write assertions.
2. it disables all control sequences for colors, etc, which we usually
don't want to test explicitly.
I don't think TERM=dumb has any other use, so it would be better
to print escape sequences unconditionally, and strip them in
the test driver (leaving this for later, since it's a bit more involved).
Closes #11344
Closes #11345
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.. highlight:: fish-docs-samples
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.. _intro:
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Introduction
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************
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This is the documentation for :command:`fish`, the **f**\ riendly **i**\ nteractive **sh**\ ell.
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A shell is a program that helps you operate your computer by starting other programs. fish offers a command-line interface focused on usability and interactive use.
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Some of the special features of fish are:
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- **Extensive UI**: :ref:`Syntax highlighting <color>`, :ref:`autosuggestions`, :ref:`tab completion <tab-completion>` and selection lists that can be navigated and filtered.
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- **No configuration needed**: fish is designed to be ready to use immediately, without requiring extensive configuration.
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- **Easy scripting**: New :ref:`functions <syntax-function>` can be added on the fly. The syntax is easy to learn and use.
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This page explains how to install and set up fish and where to get more information.
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Where to go?
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============
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If this is your first time using fish, see the :ref:`tutorial <tutorial>`.
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If you are already familiar with other shells like bash and want to see the scripting differences, see :ref:`Fish For Bash Users <fish_for_bash_users>`.
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For an overview of fish's scripting language, see :ref:`The Fish Language <language>`. If it would be useful in a script file, it's here.
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For information on using fish interactively, see :ref:`Interactive use <interactive>`. If it's about key presses, syntax highlighting or anything else that needs an interactive terminal session, look here.
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If you need to install fish first, read on, the rest of this document will tell you how to get, install and configure fish.
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Installation
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============
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This section describes how to install, uninstall, start, and exit :command:`fish`. It also explains how to make fish the default shell.
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Installation
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------------
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Up-to-date instructions for installing the latest version of fish are on the `fish homepage <https://fishshell.com/>`_.
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To install the development version of fish, see the instructions on the `project's GitHub page <https://github.com/fish-shell/fish-shell>`_.
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Starting and Exiting
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--------------------
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Once fish has been installed, open a terminal. If fish is not the default shell:
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- Type :command:`fish` to start a shell::
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> fish
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- Type :command:`exit` to end the session::
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> exit
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.. _default-shell:
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Default Shell
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-------------
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There are multiple ways to switch to fish (or any other shell) as your default.
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The simplest method is to set your terminal emulator (eg GNOME Terminal, Apple's Terminal.app, or Konsole) to start fish directly. See its configuration and set the program to start to ``/usr/local/bin/fish`` (if that's where fish is installed - substitute another location as appropriate).
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Alternatively, you can set fish as your login shell so that it will be started by all terminal logins, including SSH.
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.. warning::
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Setting fish as your login shell may cause issues, such as an incorrect :envvar:`PATH`. Some operating systems, including a number of Linux distributions, require the login shell to be Bourne-compatible and to read configuration from ``/etc/profile``. fish may not be suitable as a login shell on these systems.
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To change your login shell to fish:
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1. Add the shell to ``/etc/shells`` with::
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> echo /usr/local/bin/fish | sudo tee -a /etc/shells
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2. Change your default shell with::
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> chsh -s /usr/local/bin/fish
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Again, substitute the path to fish for ``/usr/local/bin/fish`` - see ``command -s fish`` inside fish. To change it back to another shell, just substitute ``/usr/local/bin/fish`` with ``/bin/bash``, ``/bin/tcsh`` or ``/bin/zsh`` as appropriate in the steps above.
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Uninstalling
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------------
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For uninstalling fish: see :ref:`FAQ: Uninstalling fish <faq-uninstalling>`.
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Shebang Line
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------------
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Because shell scripts are written in many different languages, they need to carry information about which interpreter should be used to execute them. For this, they are expected to have a first line, the shebang line, which names the interpreter executable.
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A script written in :command:`bash` would need a first line like this:
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::
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#!/bin/bash
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When the shell tells the kernel to execute the file, it will use the interpreter ``/bin/bash``.
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For a script written in another language, just replace ``/bin/bash`` with the interpreter for that language. For example: ``/usr/bin/python`` for a python script, or ``/usr/local/bin/fish`` for a fish script, if that is where you have them installed.
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If you want to share your script with others, you might want to use :command:`env` to allow for the interpreter to be installed in other locations. For example::
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#!/usr/bin/env fish
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echo Hello from fish $version
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This will call ``env``, which then goes through :envvar:`PATH` to find a program called "fish". This makes it work, whether fish is installed in (for example) ``/usr/local/bin/fish``, ``/usr/bin/fish``, or ``~/.local/bin/fish``, as long as that directory is in :envvar:`PATH`.
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The shebang line is only used when scripts are executed without specifying the interpreter. For functions inside fish or when executing a script with ``fish /path/to/script``, a shebang is not required (but it doesn't hurt!).
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When executing files without an interpreter, fish, like other shells, tries your system shell, typically ``/bin/sh``. This is needed because some scripts are shipped without a shebang line.
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Configuration
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=============
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To store configuration write it to a file called ``~/.config/fish/config.fish``.
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``.fish`` scripts in ``~/.config/fish/conf.d/`` are also automatically executed before ``config.fish``.
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These files are read on the startup of every shell, whether interactive and/or if they're login shells. Use ``status --is-interactive`` and ``status --is-login`` to do things only in interactive/login shells, respectively.
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This is the short version; for a full explanation, like for sysadmins or integration for developers of other software, see :ref:`Configuration files <configuration>`.
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If you want to see what you changed over fish's defaults, see :doc:`fish_delta <cmds/fish_delta>`.
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Examples:
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---------
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To add ``~/linux/bin`` to PATH variable when using a login shell, add this to ``~/.config/fish/config.fish`` file::
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if status --is-login
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set -gx PATH $PATH ~/linux/bin
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end
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This is just an example; using :doc:`fish_add_path <cmds/fish_add_path>` e.g. ``fish_add_path ~/linux/bin`` which only adds the path if it isn't included yet is easier.
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To run commands on exit, use an :ref:`event handler <event>` that is triggered by the exit of the shell::
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function on_exit --on-event fish_exit
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echo fish is now exiting
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end
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.. _more-help:
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Resources
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=========
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- The `GitHub page <https://github.com/fish-shell/fish-shell/>`_
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- The official `Matrix room <https://matrix.to/#/#fish-shell:matrix.org>`_
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- The official mailing list at `fish-users@lists.sourceforge.net <https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/fish-users>`_
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If you have an improvement for fish, you can submit it via the GitHub page.
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.. _other_pages:
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Other help pages
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================
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.. toctree::
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:maxdepth: 1
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self
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faq
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interactive
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language
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commands
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fish_for_bash_users
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tutorial
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completions
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prompt
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design
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relnotes
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terminal-compatibility
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contributing
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license
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